Business Risks

Business Risks

The following are the main risks that the management recognizes that have the potential to significantly influence the financial position, business performance and cash flows of the company and the consolidated subsidiaries. From these main risks the Company has selected risks requiring particular attention during the fiscal year ending March 31, 2023 taking into consideration factors such as the magnitude of the potential impact on its businesses and the external environment. Matters concerning the future and the recognition of risks in the text are as determined by the Group as of the end of the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022. The following, however, does not include all risks. Risks that are unpredictable or deemed insignificant at this point in time may impact on businesses in the future.

(Major Risks)

Risk Category Definition Main Risk Items
(A) Investment risk Risk related to individual investments (real estate investment, strategic investment (M&A), etc.) 1) Risk associated with real estate investment
2) Risk associated with strategic investment (M&A) and new businesses
(B) External risk Risks related to external factors influencing business 3) Risk associated with market changes
4) Risk caused by changes in economic conditions
5) Risk caused by changes in political/social conditions/systems (law, tax system, accounting, others)
6) Risk from lagging behind innovation and changes in the social structure related to the business
(C) Disaster risk Risks generated by disasters that have a large impact on customers and business continuity 7) Risk caused by disasters (earthquakes, typhoons, floods, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, major fires, epidemics of infectious diseases, etc.) that have a major impact on customers and business continuity
(D) Internal risk Operational risks occurring at the Company and each group company 8) Risk of violations of laws and ordinances
9) Risk of quality defects
10) Risk of occurrence of information system crisis
11) Risk of inadequate response to matters related to human resources
12) Risk of occurrence of fraud and negligence

(Risks requiring particular attention)

(A) Investment risk •Risk that the Company will not earn the expected profits due to an increase in construction expenses caused by soaring materials prices
•Risk of profitability deterioration and delays in anticipated project schedule occurring in projects with long-term project timeframes and large investment budgets, such as redevelopment projects
•Risk of inability to secure the expected business volume and slowing profit growth due to intensifying competition for land acquisition, etc.
(B) External risk •Risks arising from the impacts of prices for housing sales and property sales due to changes in Japan’s real estate market and financial conditions
•Risk arising from deterioration in profitability and delay in profit recovery timing in overseas business due to deterioration in economies and real estate markets in countries overseas
•Risk of a reduced competitive advantage of the Company’s businesses due to delays in response to changes in lifestyles and values, response to accelerating advances in digital technology, and response to sustainability, etc.
(C) Disaster risk •Risk of inability to continue business due to increasingly severe natural disasters such as earthquakes, typhoons, and torrential rains
(D) Internal risk •Risk due to inadequate design and construction in the real estate development business
•Risk due to delay in preparing personnel systems to secure diverse human resources and enable human resources to continue playing an active role
•Risk due to information leak by cyberattack, impact on business continuity, and incurrence and expansion of damage, etc.

The details of each major risk item and main initiatives are as follows.

Risk item 1) Risk associated with real estate investment Risk Category (A) Investment risk
Risk details In the real estate investment and development business carried out by the Group, there are cases in which business does not proceed as planned due to such factors as unexpected soil pollution, delays in obtaining permits and licenses, the need for additional construction, and an increase in construction expenses. In such cases, the occurrence of changes in the initial business schedule, delays in completion and recognition timing, and additional costs, and profitability deterioration associated with an increase in construction costs could affect the Group’s financial position and business performance.
Main initiatives Decisions on the real estate investment/development business are made at the meetings such as the Management Committee or the Board of Directors of the Company or of group companies upon identifying, analyzing and evaluating risk in advance and considering risk taking or risk avoidance policies. In particular, for soil pollution the Company implements a historical survey and a pollution survey in advance and if pollution is confirmed the Company will cease the acquisition of the land or have the pollution removed by an external specialist. In addition, regarding the risk of an increase in construction expenses, the Company includes a certain amount of additional costs when acquiring land for development and carries out other measures.
Following the acquisition of the land for development, the department in charge of the business ascertains the risk of any schedule delay and the state of construction costs. Should an especially an important event occur, the department shall report this to the Management Committee or the Board of Directors of the Company or group companies when necessary and respond to the issues.
Risk item 2) Risk associated with strategic investment (M&A) and new businesses Risk Category (A) Investment risk
Risk details The Group positions M&A as one of its growth strategies and aims to enhance the corporate value of the Group by implementing M&A for which synergies can be expected. However, the inability to achieve profit growth from the M&A target companies and synergies expected could affect the Group’s financial position and business performance.
The Group goes beyond the existing business domains to explore opportunities in new businesses as well as examines and makes investments in new asset types. However, the inability to execute business according to original plans or achieve synergies with group companies could affect the Group’s financial position and business performance.
Main initiatives In executing M&A, the main investment targets and investment purposes shall be defined. At the same time, factors such as the synergies with the Group’s existing businesses, business plans, financial details, and contract-related matters shall be carefully examined and considered and M&A shall be implemented when it is determined that this will contribute to the Group’s business results in the future. In addition, after the M&A is executed, the Board of Directors or the Management Committee shall regularly monitor the status of the integration process between the target company and the Group, management issues, and response policies.
In considering new businesses, the Company carefully investigates and examines the synergies with the Group’s existing businesses as well as business plans. A new business is commenced when judgement is made that it will contribute to the business performance of the Group in the future. After entering a new business, its performance is regularly monitored, and if deemed necessary to make modifications or a re-start, it will put to deliberation by the Board of Directors or Management Committee.
Risk item 3) Risk associated with market changes Risk Category (B) External risk
Risk details As the Group carries out a variety of real estate-related businesses, changes in economic conditions or the occurrence of disasters could lead to changes in the business environment or market conditions and have an impact on the Group’s financial position and business performance. In the Residential Development Business Unit, a decline in customer desire to purchase leads to a decrease in sales prices and an increase in inventories and this could result in a situation whereby expected profits under the business plan cannot be secured and valuation losses on inventories held are recorded. In Commercial Real Estate Business Unit, a decline in rent levels, a rise in vacancy rates and increase in the CAP rate that leads to a decline in asset price could result in a situation whereby expected profits under the business plan cannot be secured and valuation losses on inventories and non-current assets held are recorded. In addition, a decline in demand in the real estate transaction market, a share price decline in the REIT market, a decline in demand for investment funds, and a rise in construction cost could have an impact on the Group’s financial condition and business performance.
Main initiatives The Group regularly updates its awareness of the external environment of each business and works to ascertain impacts on business results, monitor the progress of business and improve precision.
When making investment decisions in the real estate investment/development business, our basic policy is to understand and forecast the current and future market conditions and confirm past market trends and curb to a certain extent the impact from changes in market conditions. Moreover, we formulate an investment budget upon undertaking risk assessment to ensure a certain level of soundness regarding our financial position even if market conditions change rapidly.
Risk item 4) Risk caused by changes in economic conditions Risk Category (B) External risk
Risk details Domestic and overseas economic recessions, an increase in funding costs due to rising market interest rates, fluctuations in yen-denominated investments and recovered amounts, or amounts of foreign currency assets and liabilities on the consolidated financial statements due to fluctuations in exchange rates could have an impact on the Group’s financial position and business performance.
Main initiatives Regarding changes in economic conditions, the Group regularly updates its awareness of the external environment and works to ascertain impacts on business results. In our funding through borrowings, we respond to the risk of rises in short-term interest rates by using mainly long-term and fixed-rate borrowings. For foreign exchange fluctuation risk, we have established a foreign exchange hedging policy that considers the types of businesses we undertake overseas and we operate in accordance with this policy.
Risk item 5) Risk caused by changes in political/social conditions/ systems (law, tax system, accounting, others) Risk Category (B) External risk
Risk details As each of the Group’s businesses are developed in Japan and overseas, there is the possibility of the occurrence of rising construction expenses, business schedule delays, etc. due to disruptions in the foreign exchange market, energy market and supply chain in the event of changes to the political and social situation, such as the emergence of geopolitical risks, such as Russia’s invasion of Ukraine. Overseas in particular, there are risks specific to each country’s political and social situations. In case there are changes in political and social situations that have been unexpected at the beginning of conducting business in each country, they may lead to obstacles to promote business, which could have an impact on the Group’s financial position and business performance.
Various types of laws and regulations in Japan and overseas are applicable to each of the Group’s businesses. For example, in addition to the Real Estate Brokerage Act and the Building Standards Act, other real-estate related laws and regulations as well as the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act are applicable in Japan, and overseas, there are risks specific to each country’s laws and regulations that differ from those in Japan. In case there are changes in these laws and regulations or other laws and regulations become applicable due to an expansion in the business scope in the future, they could have an impact on the Group’s financial position and business performance as a result of the occurrence of new obligations and expenses.
Also, in the case of changes to various tax systems and accounting systems in Japan and overseas that have an impact on the real estate business, the resulting increased costs for acquiring, holding, and selling assets, a decline in customer desire to purchase, a shift in corporate facility strategy, and revision of investment plans could have an impact on the Group’s financial position and business performance.
Main initiatives We collect and analyze information on trends in political and social situations, various laws and regulations, tax systems and accounting systems in Japan and overseas from industry groups, external experts, business partners, and consider responses at each of the Company’s respective organizations on the “second line” and discuss those matters expected to have a significant impact at the Board of Directors or the Management Committee depending on the details.
In overseas business in particular, we seek the knowledge of external experts regarding the forecast of the future political and social situations as well as applicable laws, regulations and tax laws when starting a business overseas, and after starting a business we regularly confirm the state of changes to the political and social situations as well as important related laws and regulations that have an impact on business strategy, revenue and expenditures, and progress in countries where we do business through the Overseas Business Monitoring Committee, etc. In the case that there are any changes, discussions are carried out at the Board of Directors or the Management Committee upon evaluating the impact and discussing response policies.
Risk item 6) Risk from lagging behind innovation and changes in the social structure related to the business Risk Category (B) External risk
Risk details Should technological innovation or the emergence of innovative new participants in a variety of real estate-related businesses that the Group engages in result in a large change in the industrial structure or business environment and the Company is late in responding to changes in customer needs accompanying changes in the social structure, the Company’s competitive advantage could decline and this could have an impact on the Group’s financial position and business performance.
In addition, the Group uses land and other natural resources and energy when conducting its business activities, and recognizes that climate change is a significant risk that could substantially impact its business. The changing needs of customers for real estate include increasing customer demands for functions related to the environment, energy saving, and disaster prevention due to the implementation and strengthening of greenhouse gas reduction regulations, etc. If the Company is late in responding with technologies related to high environmental performance and energy performance, the competitive advantage of the Company’s products and services could decline and this could have an impact on the Group’s financial position and business performance.
Main initiatives In the midst of a changing business environment, the Group has been creating new and highly unique value for society and customers by leveraging its strengths, such as real estate development capabilities based on the “market-in” concept and a commitment to quality in urban development and real estate-related services. In order to further enhance these strengths, we have established the DX & Innovation Management Dept., which is responsible for research and development of new business fields, planning, promotion, and support for innovation creation, digital strategies, etc. We have also established the “Business Idea Proposal System,” which allows employees of Group companies to propose new businesses, products and services beyond the boundaries of their daily work. At the same time, through the Nomura Real Estate Group Awards, an internal award system, we are working to create a corporate culture that encourages the creation of value through innovation and to strengthen collaboration within the Group. In addition, through the provision of corporate venture capital, the Company is collaborating with the startups that it has taken stakes in, which possess innovative technologies and services, and has begun to provide services that utilize these digital technologies.
The Group has formulated the Sustainability Policy as its vision for 2050 and identified five priority issues that especially need to be addressed by 2030: “Diversity & inclusion,” “Human rights,” “Decarbonization,” “Biodiversity,” and “Circular design.” In order to respond to decarbonization and climate change, the Group has acquired SBT certification (35% reduction in CO2 emissions by 2030 compared to FY2020/3 levels) and has joined various international initiatives, including RE100 (goal of switching to 100% renewable energy for electricity used in business activities of the entire Group by 2050). As a response to risks regarding climate change, the Group ascertains future scenarios, such as those in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report, and the Sustainability Committee, chaired by the President and Executive Officer (Group CEO), deliberates strategies and policies for the entire Group, analyzes the risks and opportunities regarding events assumed in each scenario, evaluates and monitors the target, etc. of reducing greenhouse gas emissions for the Group, and periodically reports to the Board of Directors. The Group is working to reduce CO2 emissions in its business through promotion of energy saving, low carbon, and renewable energy. The main initiatives include improving energy-saving performance in buildings being developed, conducting research and development for promoting use of low-carbon materials and installing solar power plants on the roofs of properties the Group is developing. In particular, the Shibaura Project is planned to achieve carbon neutrality and was selected by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism for the 2021 Leading Project for Sustainable Buildings (CO2 Reduction Type).
Furthermore, the Group endorsed the recommendations of the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), and the disclosure of four items (Governance/Strategies/Risk Management/Metrics and Targets), which TCFD recommends to be disclosed in relation to climate change, has been made.
For details, please refer to the special topic page on the Company’s sustainability website.
During the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Board of Directors resolved to introduce a non-financial indicator related to officer compensation (set a target value for Building Energy-efficiency Index (BEI) for properties developed and supplied by the Group) and the Group is working to raise awareness among the Group’s officers and employees regarding climate change and sustainability initiatives.
Risk item 7) Risk caused by disasters (earthquakes, typhoons, floods, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, major fires, epidemics of infectious diseases, etc.) that have a major impact on customers and business continuity Risk Category (C) Disaster risk
Risk details Large earthquakes, storms and flood damage, and infectious disease epidemics could make it difficult for the Company and its business partners to undertake normal business and there could be cases of the occurrence of the risk of loss of earnings and the risk of delay of earnings. Risk of loss of earnings include decreases in leasing revenue and operational revenue due to the suspension of operations or restrictions on facilities that the Group owns and operates and a decrease in income due to the loss of business opportunities.
Moreover, risk of delay of earnings include changes in sales recording period due to the suspension of operations for housing sales and changes in the timing of sales recording/completion due to the extension of construction periods owing to such factors as suspension of construction by contractors and these could have an impact on the Group’s business results and financial position. In addition, natural disasters such as earthquakes, fires, storms and floods, or sudden accidents, could result in damage or loss of real estate owned, operated or managed by the Group and this could have an impact on the Group’s financial position and business performance.
Main initiatives The Group recognizes that the frequency of disasters has increased, and this is an important social issue. Based on discussions with government and disaster preparedness experts, we are working to ensure the safety and security in the event a disaster occurs. We engage in disaster preparedness activities to ensure that, if a disaster occurs, its impact is minimized and the Group and its employees are able to continue business and their normal lives. We have formulated a business continuity plan (BCP) and action plan and engage in initiatives related to the Group’s business continuity.
In preparing for an earthquake occurring directly under the Tokyo Metropolitan Area, we have established a BCP and an emergency chain of command, assigned duties to ensure business continuity, and established a system to minimize the impact of disasters. Furthermore, once per year we hold Disaster Task Force Establishment Drills to ensure the responses prescribed by the BCP are effective, insuring the safety of executives and employees and establishing a chain of command system, so that we are prepared for restoring business after an emergency.
In addition, the Company has established a checklist of actions to be taken when a typhoon’s landfall is forecast and formulates an action plan for preparations and initial responses when a disaster occurs overseas.
Regarding earthquakes, fires, storms, floods, and other sudden accidents, we have set up regulations for responses to torrential rains and flooding, formulated a disaster response manual, and created a disaster preparedness guidebook for distribution to residents, management associations, tenants, and facility users in the properties we own to ensure their safety and bring them peace of mind when a disaster occurs.

Moreover, regarding the spread of infectious diseases, particularly COVID-19, the Group selected core businesses for business continuity during epidemics, and formulated an action manual and common rules regarding infection prevention, etc. These were communicated internally to all officers and employees, and a Group-wide reporting and instruction system has been created for cases of an infected person, or a person who has been in close contact with an infected person. In addition, the Group has been carrying out various initiatives related to infection prevention measures, including workplace COVID-19 vaccinations for the Group’s officers, employees, etc.
Risk item 8) Risk of violations of laws and ordinances Risk Category (D) Internal risk
Risk details In the real estate brokerage business, the main business of the Group, there are cases when the Company receives administrative sanctions from government authorities due to a violation of laws such as an error in explaining important matters to customers, misrepresentation of facts, or non-notification of disadvantageous matters. Also, in the case the Group violates the Building Standards Act, the Financial Instruments and Exchange Act, Companies Act, Act on the Protection of Personal Information, Act on Prohibition of Private Monopolization and Maintenance of Fair Trade, and other laws related to the Group’s business, the loss of the Group’s credibility and the imposition of fines could have an impact on the Group’s business performance.
Main initiatives The Company has formulated the Nomura Real Estate Group Code of Action that defines the basic code of actions for executives and employees, including complying with laws and regulations and acting with higher ethical standards, and prescribed internal rules. We are making efforts to familiarize employees with the Code of Action and internal rules through periodic training, promote education on an ongoing basis and facilitate enlightenment. For primary laws such as the Real Estate Brokerage Act, we formulate a business work flow specific to each law to ensure legal compliance, ensure a thorough awareness through training and on-the-job training (OJT), and implement regular voluntary inspections for the status of compliance.
In addition, regarding the inappropriate entertainment of foreign public officials and other civil servants, the Company has established “regulations to prevent the bribery of foreign public official and other civil servants” and “bribery prevention guidelines.” The Company is implementing regular training for executives, employees and overseas local hires related to overseas businesses.
Risk item 9) Risk of quality defects Risk Category (D) Internal risk
Risk details In case of deficiencies such as design and construction defects in the Group’s real estate development business or in the case of a management deficiency in the properties for leasing or under management, the loss of trust in the Group, unexpected costs and delays in development plans and operation plans could have an impact on the Group’s business performance.
Main initiatives In the real estate development business, to secure quality in design and construction upon placing an order for the design and construction work of a building with a third party who has a certain level of creditability and technical capabilities, the Group prescribed the Design and Construction Standards (structure, construction, equipment, and electrical) and the Quality Manuals and ensure thorough compliance from the parties with which we order design and construction work while also checking the state of construction and carrying out quality inspections as the ordering party. Regarding leased and managed properties, we will prepare business standard documents related to property management and safety and temporary construction guidelines for repair work as we undertake business. We will also provide property insurance for damages in the unlikely event of a deficiency or accident.
Risk item 10) Risk of occurrence of information system crisis Risk Category (D) Internal risk
Risk details To achieve sustainable growth as the diversity of products and services provided to customers grows, the Group believes it must further improve productivity and work efficiency and is actively utilizing the benefits of the Internet (the Cloud) (speed, flexibility, cost) for establishing an ICT environment and promoting DX to achieve these improvements. In addition, the Group handles a large volume of personal information in each business due to necessity in executing business.
For this reason, in the unlikely case the Company’s system cannot be used normally or in case personal information is leaked to the outside due to unexpected circumstances such as cyberattacks and unauthorized access, the loss of credibility and the resulting decrease in sales and damage compensation costs could have an impact on the Company’s business performance.
Main initiatives As we actively promote initiatives that utilize information systems and ICT, we believe that ensuring information security will be of unprecedented importance and we have strengthened measures to restrict access via Internet connections as well as measures for log management and the loss of information devices and are progressing with the establishment of an ICT environment in preparation for cyberattacks and information leaks by conducting system security diagnosis by the third party and introducing a behavior detection system for virus scanning and abnormal movements.
The Company is also striving to comply with relevant laws and regulations for personal information and to ensure proper handling of this information. Moreover, with the aim of realizing organized management of information and maintaining and improving security levels within the Group, we have prescribed the Information Security Regulations and the Information Handling Guidelines, regularly provide education and enlightenment to our employees, protect the rights and interests of our customers and ensure the stable operation of an ICT environment within the Group. In addition, the Company has cyber insurance in preparation for an unlikely accident such as an information leakage.
Risk item 11) Risk of inadequate response to matters related to human resources Risk Category (D) Internal risk
Risk details We regard human resources as our largest asset and the source of new value creation for the sustainable growth of the Group. Therefore, in the event that the working hours of Group executives and employees are not properly ascertained and long working hours damage the health of executives and employees and we receive administrative sanctions from government authorities because our personnel system and its operation do not comply with labor standards and related laws and regulations, the outflow of the Group’s human resources, the loss of trust, and the imposition of fines could have an impact on the Group’s business performance.
There is a risk that delays in the establishment of a labor environment that takes in a diverse range of human resources (employees that work short hours mainly due to childcare and nursing, sexual minorities, people with disabilities, seniors, foreign nationals and others) may result in the Group being unable to secure the necessary personnel, or the inability of secured personnel to continue working, leading to a decline in corporate competitiveness.
In terms of personnel and labor management at overseas bases, there is risk of administrative sanctions by government authorities for introducing or operating a system that violates local labor laws and customs, the risk of losing know-how due to the retirement of local employees, and a risk that the health of employees will be damaged due to the lack of systems to provide appropriate support for living in a foreign country.
Main initiatives The Group prescribes working with vigor and achieving wellness as its action guideline. The Group aims to provide wellness management so that all its executives and employees can carry out their work energetically and in good physical and mental health, which leads to sustainable corporate growth.
Along with introducing various systems, including recommendations to take paid leave, the promotion of teleworking, and a program for taking time off or working shorter hours for childcare and nursing and to build a labor environment conducive for a diverse workforce, we are working to improve the level of understanding related to diversity among executives and employees through regular training sessions. In order to properly grasp working hours, we have introduced an attendance management system to manage it, and especially for long working hours, we regularly monitor the situation.Furthermore, the compliance of our personnel system and its operation is regularly verified by outside experts to prevent the emergence of risks.
Moreover, overseas there are local laws, cultures, and customs. Therefore, we utilize the knowledge of external experts to build personnel/labor systems, establish consultation desks for staff stationed overseas, and provide services to help the staffs find, and provide support for visits to, medical institutions.
From the fiscal year ended March 31, 2022, the Group established the Wellness and D&I Management Committee, which is chaired by the President and Executive Officer (Group CEO), in order to integrally promote wellness, work-style reforms and the ensuring of diverse human resources, and newly established the D&I Management Sect. in the Group Human Resources Development Dept. as the dedicated organization for the promotion of diversity & inclusion.
Risk item 12) Risk of occurrence of fraud and negligence Risk Category (D) Internal risk
Risk details Within the Group, risk could occur due to fraud perpetuated by executives and employees, information leakage due to improper management of information, and operational negligence. In the case this risk emerges, the loss of credibility and the resulting decrease in sales and damage compensation costs could have an impact on the Company’s business performance.
Main initiatives Group executives and employees comply with laws and regulations as well as with the internal rules and regulations established by each company of Nomura Real Estate Group. Furthermore, we have established the Nomura Real Estate Group Code of Ethics with the aim of acting in accordance with even higher ethical standards, and we continuously provide education and training sessions to executives and employees.
In addition, the Company has established a system to enhance the effectiveness of compliance activities in each workplace by assigning a compliance promotion officer to each department, office and branch of the Company and Group companies. Furthermore, with the “Nomura Real Estate Group Risk Helpline,” an internal whistleblowing system shared by all Group companies, the Company has set up internal and external contact points for reporting wrongdoing and seeking advice on how to proceed, and has developed and implemented systems based on the Whistleblower Protection Act.